Social,+Political,+and+Religious+Change,+1800-1860

=**__Social, Political, and Religious Change, 1800-1900__**=


 * No standards for this period were relevant to Modern China studies, instead of using the proposed guidelines for this era, look at China using the following questions.

**In China, what were the key social, political and religious changes between 1800-1860**

 * Timeline from 1700-2008 for context
 * Timeline comparing Hong Kong, China and Japan
 * Timeline of Modern China history


 * Key Dates:**


 * 1796**: White Lotus Rebellion
 * A religiously motivated political rebellion against taxation.[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Empress-Dowager-Cixi2.jpg height="333" align="right" caption="Empress Dowager Cixi"]]
 * Rebels worked together in networks of folk religious groups.
 * 1839-1842**: (First) Opium War
 * "War of Two Drugs" - Tea & Opium
 * Hong Kong fell under British control (and remained until 1997).
 * War was based on China's and Britain's differing views on trade policy, administration of justice and diplomatic relations.
 * Britain also claimed five ports in China to use for their trading purposes at the end of the war.
 * 1851**: Taiping Rebellion
 * Started by an exam candidate (In China, exams were taken to place prospective employees in several sectors of employment)
 * Background and explanation of the Rebellion
 * 1856**: Arrow War (Second Opium War)
 * Britain along with France team up to increase the amount of concessions they desire from China. This included upping the number of European ports in China
 * The issues carried over from the First Opium War.
 * The aftermath of the war was discussed at the Convention of Peking.
 * 1862-1874**: Tongzhi Restoration
 * Self-Strengthening Movement
 * Pushed by Empress Dowager Cixi (1861-1908).
 * "Ti Yong" - "Western Uses of Chinese Essence"
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SinoFrenchWar1884-1885.jpg/774px-SinoFrenchWar1884-1885.jpg width="534" height="265" align="right" caption="Sino-French War"]]1884**: Sino-French War
 * The result of this war caused China to lose its influence in North Vietnam.
 * 1895**: First Sino-Japanese War
 * The Qing Dynasty loses Taiwan to Japan as a result of the war (until 1945, the end of WWII).
 * It was devastating for China and lead to self reflection.
 * 1898**: 100 Days Reforms
 * Reform started by the Qing.
 * Urged reform based on a "western" model.
 * This movement was halted by Empress Dowager Cixi after 100 days.